Carlo M. Cipolla's work delves into a fascinating and often overlooked aspect of human behavior: stupidity. Far from a mere insult or casual observation, Cipolla's treatise presents a structured, almost scientific exploration of the impact of stupidity on society and individuals alike. The book extends beyond humor and anecdote, offering a framework to understand how seemingly irrational actions can have profound consequences in everyday life and large-scale societal dynamics.

• Classification of Humans: Cipolla introduces a clear typology dividing people into four categories based on their actions' effects on themselves and others: intelligent, helpless, bandits,...
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