Herbert A. Simon's "The Sciences of the Artificial," now in its third edition, offers a profound exploration into the nature of artificial systems, emphasizing their unique place in scientific inquiry. Simon, a pioneering thinker, challenges traditional boundaries between natural and artificial phenomena, advancing a framework for understanding how artifacts, designed systems, and constructed phenomena can be studied with rigor akin to natural sciences.

• Artificial versus natural: Simon distinguishes artificial systems from natural ones based on their designed purpose and functionality, rather than their material composition.
• Design as a science: He posits that design...
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