In a world dominated by predictable patterns and statistical norms, certain rare and unpredictable events—termed "Black Swans"—exert an outsized influence on our lives, history, and understanding of the universe. Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s work explores how these extreme, unforeseen occurrences shape markets, societies, and personal destinies, challenging conventional wisdom and urging a reconsideration of how knowledge and risk are perceived and managed.

• Black Swan events are characterized by rarity, extreme impact, and retrospective predictability. These events lie outside the realm of regular expectations but are often rationalized after the fact.
• Traditional statistical and probabilistic...
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