Rosa Luxemburg’s “Reform or Revolution” stands as a foundational text in the discourse on socialist theory and political strategy. Written at the turn of the 20th century, the work critically addresses the division within the socialist movement regarding the appropriate path to meaningful social and economic change. Luxemburg’s treatise is not only a response to the rise of revisionism within Marxist circles but also a timeless meditation on the relationship between incremental change and fundamental transformation in society. The book remains essential reading for those interested in political philosophy, revolutionary theory, and the dynamics of social movements.